6th Grade Earth Science Curriculum
Unit 1: Introduction to Scientific Methods

Lesson 18: Understanding Convection

Objectives: After completing the lesson, students will be able to:
discuss and describe the process of convection as it occurs in water

Key Question: "How does heat affect the movement of water?"

Overview: The lesson begins with a discussion of the results from the previous lesson (Lesson 17: "Observing Convection"). Students are introduced to the concept of convection and led to understand that the process depends on the uneven application of heat to a liquid (or a gas). Then, students are given a "real world" situation that can be modeled using the same setup used in the experiment in Lesson 17, and asked to form a hypothesis as to how convection currents will move. They then repeat the experiment in Lesson 17 to test the accuracy of their predictions.

Time Required: 30-45 minutes (up to 1 class session).

Materials:
for the class
pitchers with room temperature water
4 liters of near boiling water
red, blue, or green food coloring
paper towels
for each student
1 copy of the "Convection Observations" handout (p. 45 of the Convection: a Current Event GEMS guide)
for each group of 3-4 students
1 liter pitcher for holding water
6-oz. wide mouthed cup, for holding food coloring
clear, plastic plant tray, 8" in diameter
4 6-oz. styrofoam cups
1 medicine dropper
tub for collecting waster water

Procedure: see pp.13-15 in the Convection: a Current Event GEMS guide.

Assessment: completed "Convection Observations" handout.

Homework: complete the "Convection Observations" handouts.

OUSD Science Content Standards (State of California Science Content Standards):
#1-a, b, e, f; #3-c, d; and, #4-c (#1-c; #3-c, d; and, #7-a, b, d, e)

References:
Gould, Alan. Convection: a Current Event. Berkeley, CA.: Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California, Berkeley, 1988, pp. 13-15.

Unit 1 Introduction amnd Overview

Unit 1 Vocabulary

Lesson 1: Laboratory Safety and Classroom Management

Lesson 2: Observation and Inference

Lesson 3: Introduction to Observation

Lesson 4: Comparing H2O to CO2

Lesson 5: Matter and Energy

Lesson 6: Exploring Dry Ice

Lesson 7: Marge's Systematic Observation

Lesson 8: Floating Bubbles

Lesson 9: Marge's Experiment

Lesson 10: Investigable Questions

Lesson 11: Planning an Investigation

Lesson 12: Conducting Investigations

Lesson 13: Sharing Results

Lesson 14: Layering Liquids

Lesson 15: Layering Salt Solutions

Lesson 16: Density in Everyday Life

Lesson 17: Observing Convection

Lesson 18: Understanding Convection

Lesson 19: Convection in Air

Lesson 20: Intro to Measurement

Lesson 21: How Big is my Favorite Stuffed Animal?

Lesson 22: Measuring Volume

Lesson 23: Gummy Bear Lab

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